USMARC Language Codes

in code sequence

Revised 19 July 1993.

The following list includes the USMARC language codes, listed alphabetically by code, followed by language. Tracings or references for variant forms of the languages are not included.

ace    Achinese
ach    Acoli
ada    Adangme
afa    Afro-Asiatic (Other)
afh    Afrihili (Artificial language)
afr    Afrikaans
ajm    Aljamia
aka    Akan
akk    Akkadian
alb    Albanian
ale    Aleut
alg    Algonquian languages
amh    Amharic
ang    English, Old (ca. 450-1100)
apa    Apache languages
ara    Arabic
arc    Aramaic
arm    Armenian
arn    Araucanian
arp    Arapaho
art    Artificial (Other)
arw    Arawak
asm    Assamese
ath    Athapascan languages
ava    Avaric
ave    Avestan
awa    Awadhi
aym    Aymara
aze    Azerbaijani
bad    Banda
bai    Bamileke languages
bak    Bashkir
bal    Baluchi
bam    Bambara
ban    Balinese
baq    Basque
bas    Basa
bat    Baltic (Other)
bej    Beja
bel    Byelorussian
bem    Bemba
ben    Bengali
ber    Berber languages
bho    Bhojpuri
bik    Bikol
bin    Bini
bla    Siksika
bra    Braj
bre    Breton
bug    Buginese
bul    Bulgarian
bur    Burmese
cad    Caddo
cai    Central American Indian (Other)
cam    Khmer
car    Carib
cat    Catalan
cau    Caucasian (Other)
ceb    Cebuano
cel    Celtic languages
cha    Chamorro
chb    Chibcha
che    Chechen
chg    Chagatai
chi    Chinese
chn    Chinook jargon
cho    Choctaw
chr    Cherokee
chu    Church Slavic
chv    Chuvash
chy    Cheyenne
cop    Coptic
cor    Cornish
cpe    Creoles and Pidgins, English-based (Other)
cpf    Creoles and Pidgins, French-based (Other)
cpp    Creoles and Pidgins, Portuguese-based (Other)
cre    Cree
crp    Creoles and Pidgins (Other)
cus    Cushitic (Other)
cze    Czech
dak    Dakota
dan    Danish
del    Delaware
din    Dinka
doi    Dogri
dra    Dravidian (Other)
dua    Duala
dum    Dutch, Middle (ca. 1050-1350)
dut    Dutch
dyu    Dyula
efi    Efik
egy    Egyptian
eka    Ekajuk
elx    Elamite
eng    English
enm    English, Middle (1100-1500)
esk    Eskimo
esp    Esperanto
est    Estonian
eth    Ethiopic
ewe    Ewe
ewo    Ewondo
fan    Fang
far    Faroese
fat    Fanti
fij    Fijian
fin    Finnish
fiu    Finno-Ugrian (Other)
fon    Fon
fre    French
fri    Friesian
frm    French, Middle (ca. 1400-1600)
fro    French, Old (ca. 842-1400)
ful    Fula
gaa    Gū
gae    Gaelic (Scots)
gag    Gallegan
gal    Oromo
gay    Gayo
gem    Germanic (Other)
geo    Georgian
ger    German
gil    Gilbertese
gmh    German, Middle High (ca. 1050-1500)
goh    German, Old High (ca. 750-1050)
gon    Gondi
got    Gothic
grb    Grebo
grc    Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
gre    Greek, Modern (1453- )
gua    Guarani
guj    Gujarati
hai    Haida
hau    Hausa
haw    Hawaiian
heb    Hebrew
her    Herero
hil    Hiligaynon
him    Himachali
hin    Hindi
hmo    Hiri Motu
hun    Hungarian
hup    Hupa
iba    Iban
ibo    Igbo
ice    Icelandic
ijo    Ijo
ilo    Iloko
inc    Indic (Other)
ind    Indonesian
ine    Indo-European (Other)
int    Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
ira    Iranian (Other)
iri    Irish
iro    Iroquoian languages
ita    Italian
jav    Javanese
jpn    Japanese
jpr    Judeo-Persian
jrb    Judeo-Arabic
kaa    Kara-Kalpak
kab    Kabyle
kac    Kachin
kam    Kamba
kan    Kannada
kar    Karen
kas    Kashmiri
kau    Kanuri
kaw    Kawi
kaz    Kazakh
kha    Khasi
khi    Khoisan (Other)
kho    Khotanese
kik    Kikuyu
kin    Kinyarwanda
kir    Kirghiz
kok    Konkani
kon    Kongo
kor    Korean
kpe    Kpelle
kro    Kru
kru    Kurukh
kua    Kuanyama
kur    Kurdish
kus    Kusaie
kut    Kutenai
lad    Ladino
lah    Lahnd
lam    Lamba
lan    Langue d'oc (post-1500)
lao    Lao
lap    Lapp
lat    Latin
lav    Latvian
lin    Lingala
lit    Lithuanian
lol    Mongo
loz    Lozi
lub    Luba-Katanga
lug    Ganda
lui    Luiseno
lun    Lunda
luo    Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
mac    Macedonian
mad    Madurese
mag    Magahi
mah    Marshall
mai    Maithili
mak    Makasar
mal    Malayalam
man    Mandingo
mao    Maori
map    Austronesian (Other)
mar    Marathi
mas    Masai
max    Manx
may    Malay
men    Mende
mic    Micmac
min    Minangkabau
mis    Miscellaneous (Other)
mkh    Mon-Khmer (Other)
mla    Malagasy
mlt    Maltese
mni    Manipuri
mno    Manobo languages
moh    Mohawk
mol    Moldavian
mon    Mongolian
mos    Mossi
mul    Multiple languages
mun    Munda (Other)
mus    Creek
mwr    Marwari
myn    Mayan languages
nah    Aztec
nai    North American Indian (Other)
nav    Navajo
nde    Ndebele (Zimbabwe)  
ndo    Ndonga
nep    Nepali
new    Newari
nic    Niger-Kordofanian (Other)
niu    Niuean
nor    Norwegian
nso    Northern Sotho
nub    Nubian languages
nya    Nyanja
nym    Nyamwezi
nyn    Nyankole
nyo    Nyoro
nzi    Nzima
oji    Ojibwa
ori    Oriya
osa    Osage
oss    Ossetic
ota    Turkish, Ottoman
oto    Otomian languages
paa    Papuan-Australian (Other)
pag    Pangasinan
pal    Pahlavi
pam    Pampanga
pan    Panjabi
pap    Papiamento
pau    Palauan
peo    Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)
per    Persian
pli    Pali
pol    Polish
pon    Ponape
por    Portuguese
pra    Prakrit languages
pro    Provencal, Old (to 1500)
pus    Pushto
que    Quechua
raj    Rajasthani
rar    Rarotongan
roa    Romance (Other)
roh    Raeto-Romance
rom    Romany
rum    Romanian
run    Rundi
rus    Russian
sad    Sandawe
sag    Sango
sai    South American Indian (Other)
sal    Salishan languages
sam    Samaritan Aramaic
san    Sanskrit
sao    Samoan
scc    Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic)
sco    Scots
scr    Serbo-Croatian (Roman)
sel    Selkup
sem    Semitic (Other)
shn    Shan
sho    Shona
sid    Sidamo
sio    Siouan languages
sit    Sino-Tibetan (Other)
sla    Slavic (Other)
slo    Slovak
slv    Slovenian
snd    Sindhi
snh    Sinhalese
sog    Sogdian
som    Somali
son    Songhai
spa    Spanish
srr    Serer
ssa    Nilo-Saharan (Other)
sso    Sotho
suk    Sukuma
sun    Sundanese
sus    Susu
sux    Sumerian
swa    Swahili
swe    Swedish
swz    Swazi
syr    Syriac
tag    Tagalog
tah    Tahitian
taj    Tajik
tam    Tamil
tar    Tatar
tel    Telugu
tem    Timne
ter    Tereno
tha    Thai
tib    Tibetan
tig    Tigre
tir    Tigrinya
tiv    Tivi
tli    Tlingit
tog    Tonga (Nyasa)
ton    Tonga (Tonga Islands)
tru    Truk
tsi    Tsimshian
tso    Tsonga
tsw    Tswana
tuk    Turkmen
tum    Tumbuka
tur    Turkish
tut    Altaic (Other)
twi    Twi
uga    Ugaritic
uig    Uighur
ukr    Ukrainian
umb    Umbundu
und    Undetermined
urd    Urdu
uzb    Uzbek
vai    Vai
ven    Venda
vie    Vietnamese
vot    Votic
wak    Wakashan languages
wal    Walamo
war    Waray
was    Washo
wel    Welsh
wen    Sorbian languages
wol    Wolof
xho    Xhosa
yao    Yao
yap    Yap
yid    Yiddish
yor    Yoruba
zap    Zapotec
zen    Zenaga
zul    Zulu
zun    Zuni

The original version of this document is at the Library of Congress.