I. The Mormon Trail: Bibliographies, Atlases, and Guides to Ocean and Overland Travel

Allen, James B. and Glen M. Leonard. The Story of the Latter-day Saints 2nd ed. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1992).

 

Brown, S. Kent, Donald Q. Cannon and Richard H. Jackson, eds. Historical Atlas of Mormonism (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994).

Contains a variety of maps relating to Mormon migration; especially valuable is Map #37: "Mormon Settlements in the Middle Missouri River Valley" prepared from research by Gail G. Holmes.

 

Hill, William E. The Mormon Trail, Yesterday and Today (Logan: Utah State University Press, 1996).

 

Kimball, Stanley B. Mormon Battalion on the Santa Fe Trail in 1846: An Analysis of Mormon Battalion Trail Accounts (Santa Fe, NM: U.S. National Park Service, 1996).

 

________. "Mormon Emigration Trails," in Mormon Americana, A Guide to Source and Collections in the United States ed. David J. Whittaker (Provo: Brigham Young University Studies Monograph Series, 1995), pp. 407-436.

Best single guide to the sources, publications and trail organizations.

________. Discovering Mormon Trails (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1979).

 

________. Historic Sites and Markers along the Mormon and Other Great Western Trails (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988).

 

________. Historic Resource Study: Mormon Pioneer National Historical Trail (Denver, CO: National Park Service, 1991).

 

Ludlow, Daniel H. Editor-in-Chief, The Encyclopedia of Mormonism, 4 volumes (New York: Macmillan, 1992).

Includes a number of entries with maps and statistical information on all aspects of Mormon migration.

 

Roberts, Brigham H. A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints, Century I 6 Volumes (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1930), 3:1-381.

 

Sonne, Conway B. Saints on the Seas: A Maritime History of Mormon Migration, 1830 90 (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1983).

 

________. Ships, Saints, and Mariners: A Maritime Encyclopedia of Mormon Migration, 1830-1890 (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1987).

 

 

II. The Context: The American Westward Movement

Billington, Ray Allen, and Martin Ridge. Westward Expansion, A History of the American Frontier 5th ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1982).

 

DeVoto, Bernard. The Year of Decision, 1846 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1943).

 

Goetzmann, William H. Army Exploration in the American West: 1803-1863 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979).

 

________. Exploration and Empire, The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the American West (New York: Knopf, 1966).

 

Hafen, LeRoy R., W. Eugene Hollon and Carl Coke Rister, Western America, The Exploration, Settlement, and Development of the Region beyond the Mississippi 3rd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970).

 

Jackson, W. Turrentine. Wagon Roads West: A Study of Federal Surveys and Construction in the Trans-Mississippi West, 1846-1869 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979).

 

Lass, William E. From the Missouri to the Great Salt Lake: An Account of Overland Freighting (Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society, 1972).

 

Mattes, Merrill J. The Great Platte River Road: The Covered Wagon Mainline via Fort Kearney to Fort Laramie (1969; Reprint, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987).

 

Myers, Sandra . Westering Women and the Frontier Experience, 1800-1915 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982).

 

Milner II, Clyde A., Carol A. O'Connor and Martha A. Sandweiss, eds. The Oxford History of the American West (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994).

 

Paden, Irene D. The Wake of the Prairie Schooner (New York: MacMillan, 1944).

 

Paul, Rodman W. Mining Frontiers of the Far West, 1848-1880 (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963).

 

Reid, John Phillip. Law for the Elephant, Property and Social Behavior on the Overland Trail (San Marino, CA: The Huntington Library, 1980).

 

Unruh, Jr., John D. The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans Mississippi West, 1840-60 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979).

Very useful study.

 

West, Elliott. Growing Up with the Country, Childhood on the Far Western Frontier (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1989).

 

White, Richard. "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991).

 

Winther, Oscar Osburn. The Transportation Frontier: Trans-Mississippi West, 1865-1890 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1974).

III. Histories of Mormon Migration

A. Causes and Consequences

Christian, Lewis Clark. "A Study of Mormon Knowledge of the American Far West prior to the Exodus (1820-February, 1846)," (Master's thesis, BYU, 1972).

 

________. "A Study of the Mormon Westward Migration between February 1846 and July 1847: With Emphasis on and Evaluation of the Factors that Led to the Mormons' Choice of Salt Lake Valley as the Site of Their Initial Colony," (Ph.D. diss., BYU, 1976).

 

________. "Mormon Foreknowledge of the West," BYU Studies 21 (Fall 1981):403-415.

 

Esplin, Ronald K. "'A Place Prepared': Joseph, Brigham and the Quest for a Refuge in the West," Journal of Mormon History 9 (1982):85-111.

See also Esplin, "A 'Place Prepared' in the Rockies," Ensign 18 (July 1988):6-13.

 

________. "The Significance of Nauvoo for Latter-day Saints," Journal of Mormon History 16 (1990):71-86.

 

Hartley, William G. "Coming to Zion: Saga of the Gathering," Ensign 5 (July 1975):14-18.

 

Kimball, Stanley B. "Nauvoo West: The Mormons of the Iowa Shore," BYU Studies 18 (Winter 1978):132-42.

 

Lyon, T. Edgar. "Some Uncommon Aspects of the Mormon Migration," Improvement Era 71 (September 1969):33-40.

 

Mulder, William. "Mormonism's 'Gathering': An American Doctrine with a Difference," Church History 23 (September 1954):248-64.

 

 

B. Nauvoo to Winter Quarters

Bennett, Richard E. Mormons at the Missouri, 1846-1852: 'And Should We Die' (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987).

 

________. "Eastward to Eden: The Nauvoo Rescue Missions," Dialogue, A Journal of Mormon Thought 19 (Winter 1986):100-108.

 

Black, Susan Easton, and William G. Hartley, eds., The Iowa Mormon Trail (Orem, Utah: Helix Publishing, 1997).

Good collection of recent scholarship. Note especially the essays by William G. Hartley, Stanley B. Kimball, Larry C. Porter, Richard E. Bennett, and Gail G. Holmes.

 

Coates, Lawrence G. "Brigham Young and Mormon Indian Policies: The Formative Period, 1836-1851," BYU Studies 18 (Spring 1978):428-52.

 

________. "Refugees Meet: The Mormons and Indians in Iowa," BYU Studies 21 (Fall 1981):491-514.

 

________. "Cultural Conflict: Mormons and Indians in Nebraska," BYU Studies 24 (Summer 1984):275-300.

 

Crockett, David R. Saints in Exile, A Day-By-Day Pioneer Experience LDS-Gems Pioneer Trek Series, Volume 1, "Nauvoo to Council Bluffs" (Tucson, Arizona: LDS-Gems Press, 1996).

 

________. Saints in the Wilderness, A Day-By-Day Pioneer Experience LDS Gems Pioneer Trek Series, Volume 2, "Winter Quarters and Mormon Battalion March" (Tucson, Arizona: LDS-Gems Press, 1997).

 

Dahl, Paul E. "'All is Well...'" The Story of 'the Hymn That Went around the World'," BYU Studies 21 (Fall 1981):515-27.

 

Durham, Reed C., Jr. "The Iowa Experience: A Blessing in Disguise," BYU Studies 21 (Fall 1981):463-74.

 

Gentry, Leland H. "The Mormon Way Stations: Garden Grove and Mt. Pisgah," BYU Studies 21 (Fall 1981):445-61.

 

Godfrey, Kenneth W. "Winter Quarters: Glimmering Glimpses into Mormon Religious and Social Life," in The Eighth Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium: A Sesquicentennial Look at Church History (Provo, UT: Church Education System and Religious Instruction, BYU, 1980), pp. 149-61.

 

Hartley, William G. "Latter-day Saints at Iowaville, Iowa: 1846-1851," Nauvoo Journal 7 (Spring 1995):38-43.

 

________. "The Pioneer Trek: Nauvoo to Winter Quarters," Ensign 27 (June 1997):31-43.

 

Holmes, Gail G. "The LDS Legacy in Southwestern Iowa," Ensign 18 (August 1988):54-57.

 

________. Winter Quarters Revised: Untold Stories of the Seven-Year Stay of the Mormons in the Missouri Valley, 1846-53 (Omaha: By the author, 1979).

 

Jessee, Dean C. "Brigham Young's Family: The Wilderness Years," BYU Studies 19 (Summer 1979):474-500.

 

Kimball, Stanley B. "The Iowa Trek of 1846: The Brigham Young Route from Nauvoo to Winter Quarters," Ensign 2 (June 1972):36-45.

 

________. "The Mormon Trail Network in Iowa, 1838-63," BYU Studies 21 (Fall 1981):417-30.

 

Nederhiser, Jean Marie. "The Frontier Guardian: A Study of Conflicting Loyalties, 1849-1857," (Master's thesis, Iowa State University, 1986).

 

Pearson, Carol Lynn. "'Nine Children Were Born': A Historical Problem from the Sugar Creek Episode," BYU Studies 21 (Fall 1981):441-44.

 

Pratt, Steven F. "Parley P. Pratt in Winter Quarters and the Trail West," BYU Studies 24 (Summer 1984):373-88.

 

Shumway, Ernest W. "History of Winter Quarters, Nebraska, 1846-1848," (Master's thesis, BYU, 1953).

 

________. "Winter Quarters, Nebraska, 1846-1848," Nebraska History 35 (June 1954):115-25.

 

Trennert, Jr., Robert A. "The Mormons and the Office of Indian Affairs: The Conflict over Winter Quarters, 1846-1848," Nebraska History 53 (Fall 1972):381 400.

 

Webb, L. Robert. "The Contributions of the Temporary Settlements Garden Grove, Mount Pisgah, and Kanesville, Iowa to Mormon Emigration, 1846-1853," (Master's thesis, BYU, 1954).

C. Mormon Battalion

Golder, Frank Alfred. The March of the Mormon Battalion from Council Bluffs to California: Taken from the Journal of Henry Standage (New York: Century, 1928).

 

Hafen, LeRoy R. and Frank M. Young, "The Mormon Settlement at Pueblo, Colorado, During the Mexican War," Colorado Magazine 9 (July 1932):121-36.

 

Kimball, Stanley B. "The Mormon Battalion March, 1846-47," Ensign 9 (July 1979):57-61.

 

________. "Rediscovering the Fort Leavenworth Military Branch of the Santa Fe Trail," Journal of the West 28 (April 1989):59-68.

 

Ricketts, Norma Baldwin. The Mormon Battalion, U.S. Army of the West, 1846 1848 (Logan: Utah State University Press, 1996).

Most recent history, with extensive lists of members and bibliography.

Tyler, Daniel. A Concise History of the Mormon Battalion in the Mexican War: 1846-1847 (1881; reprint, Chicago: Rio Grande, 1964).

 

Yurtinis, John F. "A Ram in the Thicket: The Mormon Battalion in the Mexican War," (Ph.D. diss, BYU, 1975).

 

Zobell, Jr., Albert. Sentinel in the East, A Biography of Thomas L. Kane (Salt Lake City: Nicholas G. Morgan, Sr. Publisher, 1965).

See also Leonard J. Arrington, "'In Honorable Remembrance': Thomas L. Kane's Services to the Mormons," BYU Studies 21 (Fall 1981):389-402.

D. Winter Quarters to the Salt Lake Valley

Arrington, Leonard J. "Mississippi Saints," Ensign 7 (June 1977):46-51.

 

Arrington, Leonard J. and Susan Arrington Madsen, Sunbonnet Sisters: True Stories of Mormon Women and Frontier Life (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1984).

 

Beecher, Maureen Ursenbach. "The Overland Diaries of Eliza R. Snow," in Beecher, Eliza and Her Sisters (Salt Lake City: Aspen Books, 1991), pp. 98-107.

 

________. "Women in Winter Quarters," in Beecher, Eliza and Her Sisters (1991), pp. 98-107.

 

________. "Women's Work on the Mormon Frontier," Utah Historical Quarterly 49 (Summer 1981):276-90.

 

Bennett, Richard E. "Finalizing Plans for the Trek West: Deliberations at Winter Quarters, 1846-1847," BYU Studies 24 (Summer 1984):301-320.

Brown, Joseph E. The Mormon Trek West (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1980). Illustrated with photographs.

 

Durham, Michael S. "'This is the Place': Retracting the Pioneer Trail in Mormon Utah," American Heritage 44 (April 1993):65-82.

 

Hartley, William G. "Gathering the Dispersed Nauvoo Saints, 1847-1852," Ensign 27 (July 1997):11-29.

 

Homer, Michael W. "After Winter Quarters and Council Bluffs: The Mormons in Nebraska Territory, 1854-1867," Nebraska History 65 (Winter 1984):467-83.

 

Jackson, Richard H. "The Overland Journey to Zion," in Jackson, ed. The Mormon Role in the Settlement of the West Charles Redd Monographs in Western History, No. 9 (Provo: BYU Press for the Charles Redd Center, BYU, 1978), pp. 1-27.

 

Jenson, Andrew. "Church Emigration," The Contributor 12-14 (May 1891 September 1893).

Thirty-part series.

 

________. Day by Day with the Utah Pioneers, 1847: A Chronological Record of the Trek Across the Plains (Salt Lake City: Salt Lake Tribune, 1934).

 

________. "The Pioneers of 1847," Historical Record 9 (January-December 1890).

Six-part series.

 

Kimball, Stanley B. "The Captivity Narrative on Mormon Trails, 1846-65," Dialogue, A Journal of Mormon Thought 18 (Winter 1985):81-88.

 

________. "Eastern Ends of the Trail West," Ensign 10 (January 1980):30-47.

 

________. "A Forgotten Trail and Mormon Settlements," Ensign 10 (February 1980):33-35.

 

________. "The Mormon Pioneer Trail, 1846-47," Ensign 9 (September 1979):72-76.

 

________. "Mormon Trail Network in Nebraska, 1846-68: A New Look," BYU Studies 24 (Summer 1984):321-36.

 

Knight, Hal, and Stanley B. Kimball. 111 Days to Zion (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1978).

Good day-by-day account with maps.

 

Lambourne, Alfred. The Pioneer Trail (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1913).

 

Leonard, Glen M. "1847 Odometer Ticked Away the Miles, Then Was Lost to History," Church News, Deseret News (10 February 1980), p. 11.

See also Norman E. Wright, "Odometers: Distance Measurement on Western Emigrant Trails," Overland Journal 13 (Fall 1995).

Madsen, Susan Arrington. I Walked to Zion: True Stories of Young Pioneers on the Mormon Trail (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1994).

 

Nibley, Preston. Exodus to Greatness: The Story of the Mormon Migration (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1947.

 

Pruday, William E. "They March Their Way West: The Nauvoo Brass Band," Ensign 10 (July 1980):20-23.

 

Stegner, Wallace. The Gathering of Zion: The Story of the Mormon Trail (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964).

 

E. Later Migrations

Bartholomew, Rebecca, and Leonard J. Arrington. Rescue of the 1856 Handcart Companies Charles Redd Monographs in Western History, No. 11 (Provo, UT: Charles Redd Center for Western Studies, BYU, 1993).

Revision of 1981 edition.

 

Dennis, Ronald. The Call of Zion: The Story of the First Welsh Mormon Emigration (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, BYU, 1987).

 

Hafen, LeRoy and Ann Hafen, Handcarts to Zion: The Story of a Unique Western Migration, 1856-1860 (Glendale, CA: Arthur H. Clark, 1960).

 

Hafen, Mary Ann. Recollections of a Handcart Pioneer of 1860: A Woman's Life on the Mormon Frontier (1938; reprinted, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983).

 

Hartley, William G. "Down-and Back Wagon Trains: Travelers on the Mormon Trail in 1861," Overland Journal 4 (Winter 1993):21-34.

See also Hartley's essay on the same topic in Ensign 15 (September 1985):26-31.

_______. "The Great Florence Fitout of 1861," BYU Studies 24 (Summer 1984):341-71.

 

Hulmston, John K. "Mormon Immigration in the 1860s: The Story of the Church Trains," Utah Historical Quarterly 58 (Winter 1990):32-48.

 

Jensen, Richard L. "Steaming Through: Arrangements for Mormon Emigration from Europe," Journal of Mormon History 9 (1982):3-23.

 

Jensen, Richard L. and Gordon Irving. "The Voyage [1863] of the Amazon: A Close View of One Immigrant Company," Ensign 10 (March 1980):16-19.

 

Jenson, Andrew. "Latter-Day Saints Emigration from Wyoming, Nebraska: 1864 66," Nebraska History Magazine 27 (1936):113-27.

 

Kimball, Stanley B. "Sail and Rail Pioneers before 1869," BYU Studies 35 (No. 2, 1995):6-42.

 

Larson, Gustive O. "The Story of the Perpetual Emigration Fund Co.," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 17 (September 1931):184-94.

Based on his Master's thesis, University of Utah, 1926).

Mulder, William. Homeward to Zion: The Mormon Migration from Scandinavia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1957).

 

Sherlock, Richard. "Mormon Migration and Settlement after 1875," Journal of Mormon History 2 (1975):53-68.

 

Sonne, Conway B. "Under Sail to Zion," Ensign 21 (July 1991):6-14.

 

Taylor, Philip A.M. Expectations Westward: The Mormons and the Emigration of Their British Converts in the Nineteenth Century (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1965).

IV. Diaries and Autobiographies

A. Bibliographies and Guides

Bashore, Melvin. The Mormon Pioneer Companies Crossing the Plains (1847 1868) Narratives: Guide to Sources in Utah Libraries and Archives 3rd ed. revised (Salt Lake City: Historical Department, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1990).

 

Bashore, Melvin, and Linda L. Haslem. Mormons on the High Seas: Ocean Voyage Narratives to America (1840-1890): Guide to Sources in the Historical Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Other Utah Repositories (Salt Lake City: Historical Department, LDS Church, 1990).

 

Bitton, Davis, Compiler, Guide to Mormon Diaries and Autobiographies (Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 1977).

 

Mattes, Merrill J. Platte River Road Narratives: A Descriptive Bibliography of Travel over the Great Overland Route to Oregon, California, Utah, Colorado, Montana, and Other Western States and Territories, 1812-1866 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988).

 

Mintz, Lannon, W. The Trail: A Bibliography of the Travelers on the Overland Trail to California, Oregon, Salt Lake City, and Montana during the Years 1841 1864 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987).

 

Rittenhouse, Jack D. The Santa Fe Trail: A Historical Bibliography (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1971).

 

Townley, John M. The Trail West: A Bibliography--Index to Western American Trails, 1841-1869 (Reno, NV: Jamison Station Press, 1988).

B. Selected Published Journals/Diaries

Bullock, Thomas. "'Surely It has Fallen': The Thomas Bullock Nauvoo Journal, 1845-46," BYU Studies 31 (Winter 1991):15-75. Edited by Greg R. Knight.

 

Bullock, Thomas. The Pioneer Camp of the Saints, The 1846 and 1847 Mormon Trail Journals of Thomas Bullock ed. Will Bagley (Spokane, WA: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1997).

 

Clayton, William. William Clayton's Journal (Salt Lake City: The Clayton Family Association, 1921).

See also An Intimate Chronicle: The Diaries of William Clayton ed. by George D. Smith (Salt Lake City: Signature Books in association with Smith Research Associates, 1991).

 

Holmes, Kenneth L. ed. Covered Wagon Women: Diaries and Letters From the Western Trails, 1840-1890 4 vols. to-date (Glendale, CA and Spokane, WA: Arthur H. Clark, 1983-97).

Includes accounts by Mormon women.

Kimball, Heber C. On the Potter's Wheel: The Diaries of Heber C. Kimball ed. by Stanley B. Kimball (Salt Lake City: Signature Books in association with Smith Research Associates, 1987).

 

Lee, John D. Journals of John D. Lee, 1846-47 and 1859 edited by Charles Kelly (1938; Reprinted with Introduction by Charles S. Peterson, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1984).

 

Parkman, Francis. The Oregon Trail (1849).

 

Pratt, Orson. The Orson Pratt Journals Eldon J. Watson, compiler (Salt Lake City: By the compiler, 1975).

See also the nine-part series "Extracts from the Private Journal of Orson Pratt," Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine 15-17 (April 1924-July 1926).

 

Richards, Mary Haskin Parker. Winter Quarters, The 1846-1848 Life Writings of Mary Haskin Parker Richards ed. Maurine Carr Ward (Logan: Utah State University Press, 1996).

 

Sessions, Patty Bartlett. Mormon Midwife, The 1846-1888 Diaries of Patty Bartlett Sessions ed. Donna Toland Smart (Logan: Utah State University Press, 1997).

 

Snow, Eliza R. The Personal Writings of Eliza Roxcy Snow ed. Maureen Ursenbach Beecher (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1995).

Includes the overland diary.

Snow, Erastus. "From Nauvoo to Salt Lake in the Van of the Pioneers," The Improvement Era 14, 15 (February 1911-October 1912).

Seventeen-part series, edited by Moroni Snow. See also "Journey to Zion: From the Journal of Erastus Snow," Utah Humanities Review 2 (April, July 1948), two-part series edited by Leland H. Creer.

 

Snow, Lorenzo. "The Iowa Journal of Lorenzo Snow," BYU Studies 24 (Summer 1984):261-73.

Edited by Maureen Ursenbach Beecher.

 

Stout, Hosea. On the Mormon Frontier: The Diary of Hosea Stout, 1844-1861 2 vols., Juanita Brooks, ed. (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press and Utah State Historical Society, 1964).

 

Twain, Mark. Roughing It (1872)

 

Woodruff, Wilford. Wilford Woodruff's Journal 9 volumes (Midvale, UT: Signature Books, 1983-84.

Edited by Scott Kenney.

 

Young, Brigham. Manuscript History of Brigham Young, 1846-1847 compiled by Eldon J. Watson (Salt Lake City: by the Compiler, 1971).

See also History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Period II, From the Manuscript History of Brigham Young and Other Original Documents Volume 7, Introduction and Notes by B.H. Roberts (1932; Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1964).

V. Miscellaneous References

A. Contemporary Works

Andrews, Thomas F. "'Ho! For Oregon and California!': An Annotated Bibliography of Published Advice to the Emigrant, 1841-47," Princeton University Library Chronicle 33 (Autumn 1971):41-64.

 

Clayton, William. The Latter-Day Saints' Emigrants Guide Eds. Stanley B. Kimball and James B. Allen (1848; Gerald, MO: Patrice Press, 1983).

Best edition.

 

Fremont, John C. A Report on a Exploration of the Country Lying between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains on the Line of the Kansas and Great Platte Rivers (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1843).

A work studied by Mormon leaders in Nauvoo prior to the Exodus. See also Alexander L. Baugh, "John C. Fremont's Expeditions Into Utah: An Historical Analysis of the Explorer's Contribution and Significance to the Region," (Master's thesis, BYU, 1986).

 

Hastings, Lansford W. The Emigrants' Guide to Oregon and California (Cincinnati: George Conclin, 1845).

 

Krol, Helen B. "The Books That Enlightened the Emigrants," Oregon Historical Quarterly 45 (June 1944):103-23.

 

Piercy, Frederick Hawkins. Route from Liverpool to Great Salt Lake Valley (1855; Reprinted, with Introduction and Notes by Fawn M. Brodie, Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962).

B. Visual/Photographic Accounts

Holzafel, Richard Neitzel. Their Faces Toward Zion: Pictures and Images of the Trek West (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1996).

 

Kimball, Stanley B. "The Way It Looks Today: Sites on the Trail West," Ensign 10 (January 1980):34-47.

 

Proctor, Maurine, and Scott Facer Proctor. The Gathering: Mormon Pioneers on the Trail to Zion (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1996).

C. Miscellaneous Topics

Anderson, Carma Rose de Jong. "A Historical Overview of the Mormons and Their Clothing, 1840-1850." (Ph.D. diss., 3 vols. BYU, 1992).

 

Godfrey, Audrey M. "Pioneer Beauty: A Formula of Bear Grease, Charcoal Toothpaste, and Milkweed Juice," New Era 2 (July 1972):16-17.

 

Holbrook, Leona. "Dancing as an Aspect of Early Mormon and Utah Culture," BYU Studies 16 (Autumn 1975):117-38.

Dancing is specifically mentioned in D&C 136:28.

 

Olsen, Steven L. "Celebrating Cultural Identity: Pioneer Day in Nineteenth Century Mormonism," BYU Studies 36 (No.1, 1996-97):159-77.

 

Walkup, Fairfax Proudfit. "The Sunbonnet Women: Fashions in Utah Pioneer Costume," Utah Humanities Review 1 (July 1947):201-22.

See also her Master's thesis, University of Utah, 1948.

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